(2004) Rheology of gelling polymers used in reservoir water shutoff treatments. Masters thesis, King Fahd University of Petroleum and Minerals.
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Arabic Abstract
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English Abstract
In this study, partially hydrolyzed polyacrylamide was cross-linked with polyethylene imine. This system is currently used reservoir water shutt-off treatments. At the reservoir conditions, the polymer and the cross-linker react to form a three dimensional structure that will block the flow of water through the prous rock. The rheology and rheokinetics of the organically cross-linked polymeric gels was studied. High temperature gelation kinetics of organically cross-linked gel was rheologically studied. Gelation time was lowered with increasing temperature. Field water was used in preparing the gel samples and was found to increase gel times significantly. Moreover, the addition of salts lowered the activation energy of the gelation reaction (Ea = 25,102 exp[-4*10⁻⁶ TDS]). Activation energy of PAtB/PEI gelling system was obtained as 28 kcal/mol in deionized water. Divalent cations have more effect on gelation time than monovalent cations. Increasing polymer and cross-linker concentrations lowered the gelation time. Pre-shearing of solutions has resulted in shorter gelation times. In order to simulate field operations, the effect of iron on gelation kinetics was studied. High iron concentrations resulted in very weak gel structures. The effect of various parameters on the final gel viscoelastic properties was investigated. Initial pH showed a strong influence on the viscosity build up of the gel. High polymer and cross-linker concentrations resulted in a high elastic nature of the gel network. However, the physical strength of the gels containing the highest cross-linker concentrations was low. The elastic modulus showed substantial increase when the gel was heated at temperatures higher than 100℃ suggesting the presence of a different mechanism of gel formation at temperatures abaove 100℃. The gelation mechanism is influenced by shear and temperature.
| Item Type: | Thesis (Masters) |
|---|---|
| Subjects: | Chemical Engineering |
| Department: | College of Chemicals and Materials > Chemical Engineering |
| Committee Advisor: | Hussein, Ibnewaleed A. |
| Committee Members: | Abu-Sharkh, Basel F. and Nasr-El-Din, Hisham A. and Al-Mubaiyedh, Usamah A. and Amin, Mohamed B. |
| Depositing User: | Mr. Admin Admin |
| Date Deposited: | 22 Jun 2008 14:06 |
| Last Modified: | 01 Nov 2019 14:02 |
| URI: | http://eprints.kfupm.edu.sa/id/eprint/10515 |