RESERVOIR CHARACTERIZATION AND RESERVOIR MODELING OF THE EARLY TRIASSIC UPPER KHARTAM MEMBER, KHUFF FORMATION: A PORE- TO BASIN-SCALE INVESTIGATION

RESERVOIR CHARACTERIZATION AND RESERVOIR MODELING OF THE EARLY TRIASSIC UPPER KHARTAM MEMBER, KHUFF FORMATION: A PORE- TO BASIN-SCALE INVESTIGATION. PhD thesis, King Fahd University of Petroleum and Minerals.

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Arabic Abstract

تتكشف مكامن الخف علي طول 1200 كيلومتر وسط المملكة العربية السعودية حيث تعرف بعدم التجانس في السطح وتحت السطح. مكمن الخرطم يعتبر من اكبر المخازن الطبيعية التي تحتوي علي كميات هائلة من النفط والغاز. وجودها متكشفة تتيح فرصة قيمة للباحثين لدراسة المشاكل المتعلقة بالانتاج في المكمن النفطي . المكمن النفطي للخرطم يمتد ليغطي معظم دول الخليج وايران لذلك دراستة قد تساعد في حال المشكلات المتعلقة بالانتاج. الهدف من هذه الدراسة دراسة التغيرات والتجانس للصخور المكمن وتغيراها افقيا بالاضافة الي دراسةwere الحد الفاصل بين العصر البرمي والترياسي في صخور الخف حيث اشار العلما ء الي عدم وجود ادلة ملموسة علي هذا الفاصل الزمني المهم. تمت دراسة ثلاثة عشر موقع علي طول الحزام لمتكشف الخف لمعرفة التغيرات الافقية لطبيعة الصخوروجودتها . هذه الدراسة شملت استخدام عدد من التقنيات العلمية لدراسة التفاصيل المتعلقة بجودة الصخور من مقياس المسامات الي المقياس الحقلي. وقد اسفرت هذه الدراسة عن اختلاف جودة الصخور لمكمن الخرطم افقيا حيث وجدت الصخور في الجزاء الشمالي ذات جودة اعلي من الصخور في اتجاه الجنوب. من المتوقع وجود تشابة في اختلاف الجوده في المكمن النفطي تحت السطح وبالتالي فان هذه الدراسة قد تساعد في استهاف مناطق ذات جوده عالية وسمك مناس للتنقيب عن النفط. هذه الدراسة ايضا شملت الحصور علي احفوريات يرجع عمرها الي اخر العصر البرمي او بداية العصر الترياسي مما يعضد نظرية تعريف الحد الزمني الفاصل بين العمر البرمي والترياسي في منطقة الجزيرة العربية.

English Abstract

The Early Triassic Upper Khartam Member of the Khuff Formation outcrops extensively in central Saudi Arabia. In the subsurface, the Upper Khartam Member is known to host very large gas reserves throughout the Arabian Gulf countries and Iran. This study documents lithofacies stacking patterns and their spatial heterogeneity within the Upper Khartam Member at the basinal scale, utilizing outcrops along the N-S striking Khuff Formation belt. Data for this study are collected from thirteen outcrops distributed along 1000 km in central Saudi Arabia. The lithofacies and their spatial distribution were characterized using field investigations, slabs, thin sections, QEMSCAN, and XRD data. Ten major lithofacies were identified and characterized; lateral and vertical heterogeneity was documented from local to regional scales. At a regional scale, the facies' lateral heterogeneity was documented, revealing a general tendency of better reservoir properties northward, whereas mud-dominated facies, evaporites, and dolomite dominate the facies southward. In this study, a fossil of the shark genus Lissodus is discovered for the first time at the boundary between the Lower and Upper Khartam Members. The boundary between the Upper Khartam Member and the overlying Sudair formation is defined by the transition from carbonate facies to the evaporites and clayey facies of the Sudair Formation. 3D geostatistical models of lithofacies are constructed to investigate lateral facies heterogeneity and petrophysical properties on a regional scale. Three outcrops were chosen to investigate lateral facies heterogeneity at three quadrangles spaced by 300 km. Based on facies cyclicity, the lithofacies models were divided into lower, middle, and upper intervals. The lower interval is dominated by grain-dominated facies, with thickness decreasing northward. The middle interval is also characterized by grain-dominated facies, with thickness increasing southward. The upper interval is dominated by mud-dominated facies at Al Faydah and Darma quadrangles, while it is dominated by grain-dominated facies at the Buraydah quadrangle. Along the Khuff Formation belt, the study of facies characteristics and their heterogeneities revealed that better reservoir properties prevail northward, whereas heterogeneous, poorer reservoir properties are found southward. The findings of this study could aid in the understanding of the subsurface lateral heterogeneity of the lithofacies of the Khuff reservoir.

Item Type: Thesis (PhD)
Subjects: Earth Sciences
Department: College of Petroleum Engineering and Geosciences > Geosciences
Committee Advisor: Humphrey, John
Committee Members: Al-Ramadan, Khalid and Kaminski, Michael and Makkawi, Mohammad Houssain and Payne, Jonathan
Depositing User: JARRAH MOHAMMED AHMED BABKER (g201202480)
Date Deposited: 20 Nov 2022 04:54
Last Modified: 20 Nov 2022 04:54
URI: http://eprints.kfupm.edu.sa/id/eprint/142239